Historical and Ideological Aspects of Russophobia in Foreign Countries

The article examines the manifestation of Russophobia in European history and the causes of this phenomenon. The policy of "double standards", information manipulation, the complex intertwining of the ideological agenda with political and socio-economic events, as well as interethnic relations has a long and complex history that covers various aspects, including cultural, political and social factors, leading to an extremely ambiguous situation on the issue under study. Materials and methods: The materials for the study were both narrative sources of the Middle Ages and Modern times, as well as the results of theoretical and historical research on Russophobia. The methodological basis of the work consists of general scientific (analysis, induction, abstraction, comparison) and private scientific (comparative historical, chronological, document analysis) methods. Research results: Russophobia currently manifests itself in the form of a biased attitude towards Russia, its history, culture and foreign policy, and therefore it is necessary to resist it, as well as any form of xenophobia, ensuring respect for the rights and freedoms of Russian citizens. Discussion and conclusions: in the course of scientific research, the authors came to the following conclusions: anti-Russian stereotypes are a stable ideological trend in the political thought of European countries of the last five centuries. The contradictory nature of political interests and the rejection of conflict-free settlement of emerging issues is becoming one of the main factors in the persistence of this phenomenon. In addition to political motivation, the stability of Russophobia is given by the unresolved nature of many internal social problems of European society.