Historiographic approaches to the problem of forming of Kazakh intellectuals at the Orenburg region: between accumulation and incorporation

The author analyzes the main historiographic approaches to the problem of forming of the Kazakh intelligentsia at the territory of the Orenburg region. He comes to the conclusion that in the pre-revolutionary historiography the problem of the national intelligentsia was not raised, since the government course did not presuppose social measures for its formation. Soviet historiography, even in conditions of methodological dictatorship, provided rich material for further research on the cultural and educational integration of two nations. In the modern historiography, the authors increasingly view the history of the formation of the Kazakh intelligentsia through the so-called «imperial approach». As a result, the main dispute on the problem is ongoing between supporters of two theories: acculturation and incorporation.