Publishing activities of North Caucasian emigrants in the 20th–21st centuries in Europe: modernity with historical roots

The aim of this article is to study the publishing activities of the North Caucasian diaspora in Europe during the 20th – at the begining 21st centuries. This study was conducted on the basis of collecting primary material: archival (from the archives of France and Russia) and field ethnographic (interviews conducted in France and Switzerland) in 2015–2020. A description of the features of the publishing activities of North Caucasian emigrants in Europe during the 20th and at the begining 21st centuries showed that significant changes occurred, associated with three main factors: firstly, publishing activities as the instrument of the policy of the highlanders in emigration. In modern life political aspects were included in the Internet space, social networks, etc. Secondly, publishing activities helped to preserve the national cultures of the peoples of the North Caucasus in emigration. At present a powerful process of acculturation of newcomers is underway in Europe: through the school education system, the younger generation of North Caucasian emigrants becomes "Europeans" with North Caucasian roots. Thirdly, the social composition of North Caucasian emigrants has changed: in the 1920s it was the mountain elite who came to Europe after receiving their education in the Russian Empire, in the 1990s and 2000s it was mainly people without higher education who emigrated, for whom publishing was not an important part of their lives.