Изменение плодородия чернозема обыкновенного и урожайности картофеля при внесении препарата "Агробионов"

The article presents the results of field and laboratory studies on the effect of doses of multicomponent fertilizers from ash-and-slag and nanocarbon on the fertility of common chernozem and potato yield. The experiments were carried out in the Republic of Kazakhstan, in the Akmola Region on the fields of the Training and Research Center “Yelit” (TRC “Yelit”) at Kokshetau State University named after Sh. Ualikhanov in 2017-2019. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of the preparation “AgroBionov” on the fertility of common chernozem and potato yield. The tasks included 1) identifying the effect of the preparation on the water-physical and physico-chemical properties of ordinary chernozem; 2) studying the effect of the preparation on the availability of basic nutrients in the soil; 3) evaluating the effect of the preparation on potato yield. Doses from 100 to 500 kg/ha were studied at intervals of 100 kg. In the experiments, a zoned potato cultivar, Rozara, was cultivated. The water strength of soil aggregates, the aggregate composition of the soil, the content of humus, readily hydrolyzed nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, exchange potassium in the soil, the pH of the aqueous extract, the soil microbiological activity and the potato yield were determined. The results of the study showed the high efficiency of the AgroBionov fertilizer. The influence of carbon as the most important element in the composition of organic substances, as well as of trace elements such as Ca, Mn, Al, Cu, Zn, Fe and others on the fertility of common chernozem and potato yield has been established. The introduction of the preparation in doses of 100-500 kg/ha contributed to the improvement of the aggregate composition of the soil, the increase in the water resistance of soil aggregates, and the content of calcium cations in the soil absorption complex, the provision of the soil with easily hydrolyzed nitrogen and mobile phosphorus. The increase in the fertility of common chernozem contributed to a substantial increase in the potato yield in the commodity weight (on average over 3 years) by 27.5-43.1%. The maximum yield of marketable potatoes was obtained in the option with P39 + preparation 400 kg/ha, where the increase if compared to the control sample amounted to 7.2 t/ha or 43.1% (in the control sample, the average yield was 9.5 t/ha). The scientific novelty of these materials is the establishment of the effectiveness of the use of the preparation AgroBionov, produced with ash and slags and black carbon, for fertilizing common chernozem on potato field under the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan.