Studying the soybean white and purple forms genetic collection by economically useful traits

The aim of research is to identify the sources of the main economically useful traits from the genetic collection of white-flowered and violet-flowered forms of soybeans for their further use in the breeding process. Research was carried out in the field crop rotation of the laboratory of selection and genetics of soybeans of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute (VNII) of soybeans in Sadovoe, Tambov District, Amur Region. The average sum of active temperatures during the growing season of soybeans was 2,551 °C, the amount of precipitation averaged 584.7 mm. The study presents the results of evaluating 72 varieties and samples of soybeans from the genetic collection of white-flowered forms, the genome of which contains the recessive gene w1w1, which determines the white color of the flower corolla, and violet-flowered forms with the dominant gene W1W1 in the genome, which determines the purple color of the corolla of the flower of the middle group of ripeness, with the growing season 111-117 days. The yield of the best numbers from the collection of white-flowered and violet-flowered soybeans ranged from 29.0 to 34.7 c/ha and exceeded the standard variety Dauria by 3.0-8.7 c/ha. The coefficient of variation of the indicator was insignificant for 12 numbers (3.2-9.7 %), high - for two (25.2-27.6 %), the remaining 12 numbers were characterized by an average coefficient of variation (10.2-19.7 %). By the weight of 1000 seeds, 11 numbers with a weight of 210.6-229.3 g were identified from the collection, which exceeded the standard by 4.2-22.9 g. The variability of this trait was insignificant (0.6-9.7%). In terms of plant height, 9 numbers were allocated, exceeding the Dauria standard by 26-37 cm. All of the allocated numbers showed a significant variability in the height of soybeans (21.3-29.6 %). There are 11 numbers with an attachment of the lower bean 18-19 cm (+ 5… 6 cm to st) and a high rate of variability (21.0-28.2 %).