Efficiency of soybean hybridization in conditions of the south of european part of Russia

The artificial hybridization of soybean has been studying during six years. The results showed variation of a number of formed pods per a 100 pollinated flowers in a range 17.9-35.6 pods. There was not observed a clear connection between an average seed yield in competitive trial and results of hybridization as well as an average daily air temperature, precipitation amount and relative air moisture in June and July, and hybrid pods output. Crosses success was changed significantly in dependence on combinations of parental components. At an average crosses success 28.7%, number of formed pods in some combinations was minimal or pods were absent, and in compared conditions other combinations showed crosses success 90%. Regularity in decreasing of efficiency of artificial hybridization from the morning to the noon is determined. The best results at artificial pollination in soybean (28.8-35.3%) are reached from 8:00 till 10:00 a.m., the worse results of hybridization were received from 11:00 till 12:00 a.m. (20.9%). Usage of drip watering increased crosses success from 33.9 to 44.3% at cultivation of parental forms. Number of hybrid pods from pollinated flowers was 53.8-72.7% in 14 combinations of 32 ones cultivated at irrigation.