Agrotechnological methods of soft spring wheat cultivation use efficiency to increase productivity and grain quality in the Omsk region

The aim of the study is to establish the influence of agricultural technologies for the cultivation of spring wheat on the productivity and technological properties of grain in the forest steppe of Western Siberia. In the forest steppe agro landscapes of Western Siberia, in the laboratory of resource saving agricultural technologies of the Omsk Agrarian Research Center on meadow-chernozem soil, comprehensive studies were carried out in a long-term stationary 5field grain-fallow crop rotation in 2004–2019. Three factors were studied: the method of soil cultivation (dump, combined, minimumzero), means of complex chemicalization (herbicides, fertilizers, fungicides and retardants) and the precursor (fallow, permanent sowing of wheat for three years). Long-term use of minimum-zero tillage in crop rotation caused a decrease in the content of nitrate nitrogen up to 30% and an increase in weediness of crops, which contributed to a decrease in the yield of spring wheat by 0.20–0.24 t / ha (7–13 %), depending on the precursor. With repeated sowing, the yield decreased by an average of 34.6% to the third wheat after fallow, and the amount of wet gluten in the grain by 3.2 %. The use of a complex of plant protection products and fertilizers increased wheat productivity by 1.48–1.77 t / ha (1.9–2.3 times), resistance to stress abiotic factors while improving grain quality. The variability and stability of technological indicators of grain quality and yield were studied by years of research, depending on the use of various methods of agricultural technologies. Significant year-to-year variation was noted for 1000 grain weight, vitreousness, and yield; the minimum is for the nature of the grain. The variability of grain quality indicators increased by 1.3 times as the crops were removed from the fallow. It has been established that the maximum influence on the formation of yield and grain quality is exerted by chemical agents 31.2 %, the precursor and the system of soil cultivation account for 22.7 and 10 %, respectively.