The effectiveness of endoscopic colon stenting in patients with acute malignant colonic obstruction

Background: Acute colonic obstruction often complicates the clinical course of colorectal cancer and is its first manifestation. Emergency surgery remains the basic method of treating patients with acute malignant colonic obstruction(AMCO), but the high mortality rate and high incidence of postoperative complications force doctors to look for other ways to treat these patients. Endoscopic colon stenting with self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) is a modern method of eliminating AMCO. The clinical possibilities of this technique are not fully understood. Aims: to evaluate the results of treatment of patients AMCO with endoscopic stenting of the colon. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of the results of endoscopic stenting of the large intestine of SMS in patients with AMCO, performed for the period 2016-2020, was carried out. The study included 230 patients with AMCO who attempted to eliminate acute intestinal obstruction by endoscopic method using SEMS. The results of endoscopic stenting were evaluated based on the calculation of the technical and clinical effectiveness of the method, the frequency of postmanipulation complications and the mortality rate. Results: The study found that the technical efficiency of endoscopic colon stenting is 91.7%, the clinical efficiency is 83.5%, the incidence of stenting complications is 8.3%, the incidence of somatic complications is 11.7%, and the mortality rate is 4.8%. Conclusions: Endoscopic colon stenting using SEMS is an effective and fairly safe method.