The effectiveness of mineral fertilizers on spelt crops in the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region

Here are presented the results of studies for 2020-2022 to determine the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers on crops of the Runo variety of spelt in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region. The soil of the experimental plot is meadow-chernozem, medium-deep, low-humus, medium-loamy. Spelt was sown on May 10-14 with a seeding rate of 2 million emmer grains per hectare. The predecessor for spelt was spring soft wheat after clean black fallow. The application of mineral fertilizers was carried out simultaneously with the sowing of spelt using a disc seeder to a depth of 5-7 cm. Ammophos (N12P52), ammonium nitrate (N34) and a mixture of these fertilizers were used. To combat weeds, spelt crops were treated with the herbicide Puma Plus (1.4 l/ha) during the tillering phase with a working fluid consumption of 200 l/ha. The experiment was repeated four times. The area of the plot was 60 m2. The years during the research were dry, which affected the spelt responsiveness to the application of fertilizers. The reserves of productive moisture varied from very poor to satisfactory levels depending on the year of research, the experimental variant and the phase of crop development. Fertilizer application did not have a significant impact on such indicators as the completeness of seedlings and the survival rate of spelt plants. The difference in seedling fullness was 0.5-1.7%. Survival decreased in the variants with fertilizer application by 0.5-1.9% compared to the control. Weeds responded more to the application of ammonium nitrate. Their share in the agrophytocenosis increased from 3.57 to 4.40% compared to the control. The highest level of spelt grain yield was obtained with the application of a mixture of ammophos (N12P52) and ammonium nitrate (N34) -2.81 t/ha, the increase to the control was 0.14 t/ha.