Efficiency of the evaluation of adaptability of durum wheat varietes depending on the effect of totalities of environmental factors

Results of two experiments on adaptability of 23 home-bread varieties differed in ecological and geographic origin and on differentiating capacity of environment as selection background are presented. The first experiment was carried out as trails organized parallel in 4 ecological cites: 1) Volgograd, 2) Bezenchuk, 3) Kurgan, 4) Barnaul, on the base of unique methodology. The second one was brought about in Bezenchuk where the same set of varieties was studied for three years (2012 - 2014). Comparison of the differentiating capacity of environment in two experiments showed that the totality of environmental conditions of the first experiment had the largest destabilizing effect on the genotype population studied and provided the contrast of varietal responses what made easier the identification of genotypes needed. The presence of stabilizing and analyzing backgrounds in the totality of environments allowed to realize the principle of ecological orientation of breeding process. Movement of breeding material along with ecological vector from the cite with the highest differentiating capacity and analyzing background (Volgograd) towards the most typical environment with weak effects of cite - genotype interaction (Barnaul) is the optimal variant of ecological breeding scheme. It is also evident that in the set of cites breeding strategy should be directed at the development of systems of varieties and a search of stable genotype-environment interactions. Varieties Bezenchukskaya stepnaya, Bezenchukskaya krepost' and advanced lines 1389da-1, 1477d-4, 989c-08 had high parameters of general adaptive ability (ОАС) and breeding value of gepotypes (СЦГi). A number of varieties (Bezenchukskaya niva, Bezenchukskaya 210, Bezenchukskaya 209, Pamayty Yanchenko) had high values of specific adaptive ability (CAC) with localization on geographic cites. It is supposed that the first group of varieties (with high level of OAC) being included in the breeding process will enable the effective breeding of varieties with wide adaptation. The inclusion of the second group will increase the efficiency of cite-specific breeding.