Эффективность применения фунгицида амистар экстра на фитосанитарное и физиологическое состояние яровой пшеницы

cially in extreme crop cultivation conditions have become very important. The combination of fungicides and growth regulators promote productivity growth and grain quality increase [1, 2, 5, 9, 10]. Modern effective methods of leaf fungal diseases of grain crops are fungicide Amistar Extra (azoxysrtrobine + cyproconazol). The aim of the work was to study the effectiveness of the influence

of Amistar Extra fungicide on foliar diseases and on the physiological and biochemical parameters and productivity of spring wheat.

METHODS OF RESEARCH

Fungicide Amistar Extra and plant growth regulators Binoram G (complex of three strains and indole acetic acid synthesized with pseudomonadaceae) were applied in phase 39 (code ВВСН) in the field tests on spring wheat sort Darya.

Taking into consideration diseases extension we define the systematic germ localization, plant disease rate, disease incumbency period in the course of plant vegetation after every 10 days [6]. Recording of attacked plant was done by route method along field diagonally, examining 10 plants in 10 places. Laboratory analyses were done according to common GOST methods. Sample collection was done during the recording days analyzing them using the corresponding devices in the laboratories of the Innovation Scientific Research Testing Center of Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin.

Disperse and correlation analyses of the experimental data were carried on according to the B.A. Dospekhov method [3] using IBMPC and EXCEL programs.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

During the vegetation period the ambient temperature exceeded long-term average annual values by 1,610,70С at considerable humidity deficiency. In such conditions fungal diseases of grain crops appeared very intensively [4, 7, 8]. Wheat plants suffered from stress according to day temperatures indexes, humidity of soil and air, pathological influence of fungal diseases.

Fungicide Amistar Extra 1 l/ha on the 12th day after application suppressed (by 89%) powdery mildew effectively, decreasing its occurrence from 100 to 18-20% and magnitude from 40 to 5%. On the 22nd day after application biological activity of fungicide versus powdery mildew increased to 95%.

In a less degree Septoria spot was suppressed: 12 days later biological activity was 60%, and 22 days later -84%. Additional application of Binoram G on vegetate plants increased the fungicide efficiency inconsiderably.

It is proved that the activity of antioxidant enzyme of peroxydase decreased by 12 % 3 later after Amistar Extra wheat plants processing in the Binoram G variant. At this on the background of peroxydase activity some intensity decrease of free-radical processes can be detected, particularly peroxidation of membranous lipids (MLP). Its intensity was judged by the final product MLP – malodialdehyde (МDА). Thus, under the influence of fungicide the МDА content was by 35% lower than in control plants.

The observed decrease of oxidation-reduction processes we connect with elimination of infection level of plants during the first days of fungicide application. The growth processes data point this advantage: Amistar Extra processing provides the 19% storage of dry substance and 25%- increase of root biomass.

The analysis procedure after 8 days of processing shows that at decrease of peroxydase activity control by 5% results in the decrease of the МDА content by 18% in comparison with the 3 rd day after processing.

Under the influence of Amistar Extra the peroxydase activity decrease during this period in the Binoram G variant was 14% at МDА decrease by 15 %.

Thus, enzyme activity during the test was by 22% lower than control, МDА level was by 17% lower, this proves the infection level decrease at combined influence of Amistar Extra and Binoram G.

On the 14th day after processing with Amistar Extra the peroxydase activity lower level was recorded on the background of the 21% decrease of the МDА content in comparison with control. The intensity of the enzyme work in plants processed with fungicide was by 35% lower than in control variant. At this, fungicide processing provides the increase of length (by 5,6%) and mass (by 4,8%) of above-ground plant organs.

Analysis of amino-acid composition of spring wheat samples being processed with Amistar Extra fungicide showed that after 3 days their content increased by several times in comparison with control. Most noticeably praline content has increased – in 3,36 times, valine – in 3,28, glycine - in 3,22, lecitin+ isolecitin – in 3,15, lysine – in 3,08 times.

A confusing story was observed 8 days after the control test start amino acid content increased but at the same time their content in the Amistar Extra and Binoram G variant has considerably decreased, and according to absolute measurements less than in control plants.

On the 14th day of the test done on the variant with Amistar Extra and Binoram G the histidine amino acid content increased correspondingly in 1,4 and 1,34 times.

CONCLUSIONS

In stress condition evoked by pathogens and bad weather conditions microbiological fungicide Amistar Extra combined with plant growth regulator Binoram G provided spring wheat plants growth, enabled the structure index of crop, productivity and grain quality index.

The observed decrease of oxidation-reduction processes in plants at fungicide Amistar Extra application is connected with elimination of infection level from plants at the first days of the fungicide application. The data on growth processes, dry substance accumulation and root biomass increase indicate in favour of this.

Amistar Extra application influence on the dynamics of amino acid content in spring wheat plants obviously increasing their content in the first days after application and keeping up their quality during the following days.