Efficacy of soybean production depending on the primary soil treatment, mineral fertilizers and herbicides

In 2013-2019, we studied the features of soybean production process and its dependence on the methods of primary soil treatment and chemicals application in the field crop rotation with alternating crops: black fallow - winter wheat - soy - barley on typical black soil in a stationary field experiment of the Tambov Research Institute of Agriculture. We compared five primary soil treatments: plowing on a depth of 25-27 cm (control); surface tillage on 10-12 cm and subsurface one on 25-27 cm (resource-saving) under surface and subsurface tillage in crop rotation; moldboard plowing on 25-27 cm under subsurface tillage on 20-22 cm and moldboard plowing under surface plowing on 10-12 cm in the crop rotation. The mineral nutrition level included three options: without fertilizers, N30P30K30 and N60P60K60. Plant protection consisted of two levels: seed treatment - background, background + herbicides during crop vegetative period...