Ecological and matrical diversity of oil flax seeds

The purpose of the research was to evaluate the quality of seeds oil flax cultivars bred in the conditions of the Ural region depending on the environmental conditions and location on the maternal plant. The research method was a field experience with variance analysis of experimental data. Oil flax cultivars were cultivated in the conditions of the Sverdlovsk, Kurgan and Orenburg regions. Plants of oil flax cultivar Uralsky zholty grown in the different ecological and geographical locations differed by a yield level and yield structure. The Orenburg region had the most favorable temperature and humidity conditions, so the average plant length was 67 cm, compared to 58 cm in the Kurgan region and 54 cm in the Sverdlovsk region. The seed yield in the Orenburg region was 2.52 t per ha, which is by 0.48-0.90 t per ha more than in the Sverdlovsk and Kurgan regions. The largest oil flax seeds were formed in the Sverdlovsk region. The 1000-seed weight in the Kurgan and Orenburg regions was by 0.49-0.71 g less and amounted to 5.65 and 5.43 g, respectively. Seeds from the Sverdlovsk region had the highest oil content (44.23%), but they contained less nitrogen. The maximum content of crude fiber (11.7%), ash (4.33%), nitrogen (4.18%), phosphorus (0.79 %) and potassium (1.44 %) was found in seeds from the Orenburg region. The 1000-seed weight of the cultivar Uralsky from the periphery of the inflorescence was 2.4 g less compared to seeds from the large pods in the central part of the inflorescence. There were no significant differences in the seed vigor and germination having the different matric plant location.