Экологическая пластичность сортов яровой пшеницы в Предуральской степи Республики Башкортостан

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the ecological plasticity of spring soft wheat varieties cultivated in the Cis-Ural steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Objectives: to determine the index of environmental conditions, to analyze the ecological plasticity of spring wheat varieties in terms of yield, to determine the stability of spring wheat varieties in terms of grain quality. The object of the study was varieties of spring soft wheat (Triticuma estivum L.) Bashkirskaya 28, Zauralskaya Zhemchuzhina, Omskaya 35, Arhat, Ulyanovskaia 105, Ekada 109, Ekada 113, Tulaikovskaya 108. Field experiments were carried out according to the generally accepted methodology of the State variety testing, the determination of grain quality indicators - according to state standards, the calculation of environmental plasticity and stability parameters - according to the method of S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russell. Significant variability over the years of environmental conditions for the growth of spring soft wheat in the Cis-Ural steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan is shown. The environmental condition index ranged from minus 7.17 to plus 7.46. Among the varieties of the mid-season group, the most productive are Ulyanovskaja 105, Arkhat, Ekada 109 and Ekada 113. These varieties of semi-intensive type are moderately responsive to improving growing conditions with an average degree of yield variability over the years. Varieties Tulaikovskaya 108, Bashkirskaya 28 and Zauralskaya Zhemchuzhina of the intensive type are distinguished by the greatest responsiveness to improving environmental conditions with a relatively low yield stability over the years. The varieties Ekada 113, Ulyanovskaia 105 and Omskaya 35 are distinguished by a high content of gluten in the grain (28.4-29.6 %) and a relatively high stability for this trait over the years.