The environmental challenge of the 21st century: channels of environmental impact on macroeconomic dynamics

The article analyzes the relationship between environmental changes and key macroeconomic indicators. Based on a review of contemporary research, it examines the impact channels of environmental variables such as CO₂ emissions, ecological footprint, and climate vulnerability on economic growth, inflation, and employment. The results confirm the existence of a two-way relationship, highlighting the need to consider environmental factors when formulating effective policies for sustainable economic development.