Ecological study of varieties spring oats (Avena sativa L.) in the northern forest-steppe Chelyabinsk region

The research was carried out to select an assortment of oat varieties that provides the maximum stable yield in combination with high biochemical indicators of grain quality in the bioclimatic conditions northern forest-steppe of the Chelyabinsk region. The data of the ecological variety study of varieties Atlet (FSBSI UrFASRC,UrB RAS), Irtysh 21 (FSBSI “Siberian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultureˮ), Stipler (FSBSI SSC RAS and FSBSI FRC “Nemchinovkaˮ) are presented. The maximum yield was obtained in 2017 and 2022, the minimum in 2019 and 2021. 2021 was characterized by extremely dry conditions, which affected crop productivity. The maximum yield was in the Atlet variety. This variety is characterized by a high evenness of crops and the absence of lodging. Variety Irtysh 21 was characterized by the highest weight of 1000 grains. The highest filminess of oat grain was obtained in arid conditions in 2021. The lowest filminess, on average over the years of research, was noted for the Stipler variety, and the highest for the Atlet variety. The maximum protein content was obtained in 2021 and 2022, the minimum - in 2019. The fiber and fat content varies by year of study and variety. In general, the performance of the Atlet and Irtysh 21 varieties outperformed the Stipler variety. The maximum coefficient of plasticity was obtained for the Atlet variety (1.124), which indicates its maximum ability among the studied varieties to produce a high and high-quality yield in various weather conditions. This variety is characterized by the minimum value of the ecological stability index (0.043), which confirms the stable formation of productivity parameters in various conditions. In general, Atlet and Stipler varieties are highly plastic stable varieties. The maximum profitability of sales was provided by the Atlet variety (63.8% on average for 2019-2022). The studied varieties Irtysh 21 and Stipler ensured a profitability of sales at the level of 42-43%.We recommend for production in the bioclimatic conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Chelyabinsk region the oat variety Atlet, which provides a consistently high yield and grain quality, characterized by high environmental plasticity and stability.