Environmental and economic efficiency of foreign trade

The article considers approaches to assessing the environmental and economic efficiency of foreign trade. It has been established that environmental and economic efficiency in the framework of foreign trade is a ratio between the indicators of the volume of environmental pollution per unit of manufactured export products and the volume of environmental pollution per unit of manufactured import-substituting products. It is determined that the country’s foreign trade is environmentally and economically efficient if the ratio of the volume of environmental pollution per unit of manufactured import-substituting products to the volume of environmental pollution per unit of manufactured export products is greater than one. It is proved that it is advisable to assess the environmental and economic efficiency of foreign trade using a system of indicators of environmental and economic efficiency that take into account both production efficiency and consumption efficiency. It was found out that comparative ecological and economic advantages in foreign trade play a key role in achieving the ecological and economic efficiency of foreign trade. The conducted research to identify the presence of comparative environmental and economic advantages in foreign trade in goods based on the ratio of possible national costs for the production of import-substituting goods and the actual costs for the production of export products of each separate trade sector indicates that in foreign trade in goods, the Russian Federation has environmental and economic advantages only in trade in food and metallurgical products.