Ecological and economic risks of the development of hydrocarbon reserves and technologies for the elimination of oil spills on the Russian Arctic shelf

Due to the exhaustion of the resource base of the Russian oil and gas industry in the Caucasus, Volga-Ural and West Siberian basins, the intensification of mining in the Arctic zone of Russia is an urgent strategic task. The development of oil and gas fields in the Arctic is characterized by increased environmental risks. The study was conducted according to the data of the Prirazlomnoye project of Gazprom PJSC. The ecological problems of hydrocarbon development on the Russian Arctic shelf are considered by the method of empirical analysis, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the use of oil spill response methods under various hydrometeorological conditions is carried out in order to identify the most effective ways to eliminate the consequences of environmental accidents. The mathematical modeling method was used to calculate the spreading time and the radius of a possible spill of petroleum products in the ice conditions of the offshore project in the Pechora Sea, the average value of the cost of liquidation measures and the amount of insurance payments. The analysis of measures to eliminate possible spills in the Russian Arctic answers the question of the methodology of use by territorial division: taking into account the hydrometeorological conditions of the water area of the Russian Arctic shelf, it can be concluded that in case of oil spill accidents in the western Arctic (Barents Sea, western part of the Kara Sea), the most effective methods are combustion and dispersion of dispersants by screw icebreakers, in particular in the eastern part (the eastern part of the Kara Sea, the Laptev Sea, the East Siberian Sea), where the ice situation is more complex, the mechanical method and burning on cohesive ice seem to be the most effective. The use of a mathematical model has shown that in the conditions of ice conditions of the shelf territories of the Pechora Sea (Prirazlomnaya MLSP), a possible spill of petroleum products reaches a maximum area within 28 hours, with a maximum spot radius of about 320330 meters. The task of pricing measures for the elimination of the spill is also considered. Modeling of a possible hydrocarbon spill at oil and gas producing offshore fields depends on the parameters of the well, the hydrodynamic properties of the shelf bottom and the sea surface, the nature of the ice situation, therefore requires a private consideration of each production site and the territory of possible localization of the spill. Econometric analysis ofpricing of measures to eliminate the consequences of oil spills and their optimization is a matter of further in-depth research. The data obtained can be used by insurance companies in the calculation of insurance premiums, by Rosprirodnadzor in the calculation offines, as well as by other supervisory agencies in the underwriting of oil and gas Arctic projects.