Economy of grain production: dynamics, directions of increasing efficiency

The most important areas of the agro-food policy of the Russian Federation are ensuring profitability and increasing the efficiency of agricultural production, including one of its leading sectors - grain farming. In this regard, it is necessary to systematically conduct comprehensive scientific research, analytical monitoring, study the directions and factors that ensure profitable development of grain production. The presented material analyzes the dynamics of yield, sown areas and gross harvests of grain and leguminous crops in the Russian Federation for 2015-2023, establishes the share contribution of federal districts to the formation of the grain potential of Russia. A ranked series of distribution of economic entities of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation by grain production volumes per capita for 2023 has been constructed. The state and trends in the development of grain farming in the Oryol Region are analyzed. The profitability indicators of individual types of grain and leguminous crops are calculated, labor productivity indicators, labor intensity of production are determined, direct labor costs per hectare of sown area are estimated. It is concluded that certain successes have been achieved in the grain industry of the region, significant results have been obtained in terms of production volumes and use of grain for feed and food purposes. Along with positive results in increasing gross harvests, a negative trend has also been established, consisting in a decrease in prices and profitability ratios for all types of grain and leguminous crops. Attention is focused on priorities that ensure profitable agricultural production - reduction of direct and cost costs due to an increase in labor productivity, a decrease in labor intensity, and rational use of the resource potential of enterprises.