Russia’s economy against sanction threats: a perspective from 2025

In the spring of 2025, three years have elapsed since the onset of the sanctions confrontation triggered by the commencement of the special military operation. It is pertinent to evaluate the factors that have ensured the resilience of the Russian economy and the maintenance of the country’s economic security in the context of global instability. This article presents a forecast reflecting the dynamics of key macroeconomic indicators, such as Gross National Product, government consumption, capital accumulation, and others. The analysis addresses the challenges facing the national economy of the Russian Federation amid deglobalization, including threats to the country’s national and technological development. Significant features of the outflow of highly qualified human capital from Russia, which has a destructive impact on the sustainability to external and internal risks, are characterized. Furthermore, the article identifies the underlying reasons for the resilience of the country’s socio-economic system against destructive sanction pressures. By examining these factors, the study aims to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the adaptive strategies employed by the Russian economy in response to international sanctions and the broader implications for its future development.