Advancements and applications of adipose-derived stem cells in modern medicine: a comprehensive review

The literature review examines the significant role of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) as a segment of mesenchymal stem cells in modern medicine. ASCs possess unique characteristics, such as a high ability to differentiate and regenerate, making them a valuable resource in regenerative medicine and therapy. The review focuses on methods for isolating and cultivating ASCs and emphasizes the importance of adhering to standards for monitoring the cultivation and storage processes of stem cells. The molecular and cellular characteristics that enable the use of ASCs in various medical fields, including the treatment of cardiovascular and neurological disorders, reconstructive surgery, and tissue engineering, are described. The ability of ASCs to differentiate into diverse cell types, including osteocytes, adipocytes, neural cells, vascular endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes, underscores their potential in treating a wide range of diseases.The review addresses critical ethical and safety considerations related to the use of ASCs, particularly their interaction with tumor cells. It emphasizes the need for further in-depth, multidisciplinary studies of ASC interactions with host cells to ensure their safe and effective use in clinical practice. Evidence is presented for the potential of ASCs in treating long-term non-healing diabetic ulcers and wounds by enhancing epithelialization and accelerating granulation tissue formation. Additionally, their ability to reduce the number of fibroblasts in hypertrophied scars is highlighted.In conclusion, the review underscores the significance of ASCs as one of the most promising areas in modern biomedicine and regenerative medicine. It notes that further research on these cells may lead to new approaches in the treatment and prevention of various diseases.