Dynamic electrogardiography for creating innovative methods of the diagnostics of the cardiovascular system

Aim. The article deals with approaches to the analysis of the functional state of athletes, their training and potential, based on dynamic electrocardiography, namely, the ECG registered during training. We analyze the results of the experiment to demonstrate the efficiency of cybernetic methods in physiological studies. Materials and methods. We conducted the experiments, using the equipment for continuous ECG registration, developed in the Institute of Sports, Tourism and Service (South Ural State University). Athletes of various physical preparedness participated in the study. We performed ECG registration during a cardiac stress test and during trainings. Using automatic algorithms, we calculated heart rate (HR) and the speed of ventricular activation (SVA) as a characteristic of myocardial contractility. For the first time, we have analyzed these characteristics in dynamics (under load). We proposed the method of synchronous analysis for experimental data and characteristics, which allows us to register parameters, identifying the functional state of athletes. Results. Timing diagrams of ECG, HR, and SVA demonstrate that, in case of synchronous changes in HR and SVA, an athlete overcomes load with a significantly lower heart rate than the athlete, whose SVA does not change synchronously with heart rate. This allowed us to formulate hypothesis on brand new diagnostic nature of dynamic electrocardiography. Conclusion. The experiments and their detailed analysis demonstrated that continuous ECG registration during physical exercises opens completely new diagnostic opportunities for electrocardiography in sports physiology and medicine.