Научные статьи \ Математика. Естественные науки \ Физика \ Строение материи \ Механика деформируемых тел. Упругость. Деформация

Экспериментальные исследования полимерных композиционных материалов в широком диапазоне скоростей деформации

Экспериментальные исследования полимерных композиционных материалов в широком диапазоне скоростей деформации

Автор: Конев С.Д., Константинов А.Ю., Сергеичев И.В.

Журнал: Вестник Пермского национального исследовательского политехнического университета. Механика @vestnik-pnrpu-mechanics

Статья в выпуске: 5, 2024 года.

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Представлен обзор методов испытаний полимерных композиционных материалов при высоких скоростях деформации с целью получения механических характеристик прочности и упругости. Отдельное внимание уделено вопросам покрытия диапазонов скоростей деформации, соответствия напряжённо-деформированного состояния (НДС) ожидаемому, соответствия моды разрушения ожидаемой. Изложение материала проходит в парадигме «подход, конфигурация, метод», где под конфигурацией подразумевается геометрия образца и вспомогательной оснастки, подход заключается в создании простой конфигурации со сложным напряженно-деформированным состоянием (неклассический подход) или сложной конфигурации, обеспечивающей однородное НДС (классический подход), а метод есть комбинация конфигурации и испытательного оборудования. Такое изложение позволяет систематизировать большое количество экспериментальных методов, наметить пути их дальнейшего развития. Также представлены оригинальные методики и результаты испытаний, проведённых авторами с целью обогащения экспериментального инструментария и расширения покрываемого диапазона скоростей деформации. В частности, существенно расширен диапазон скоростей деформации для испытаний однонаправленных углепластиков на растяжение вдоль волокна за счёт применения конфигурации намотанного кольцевого образца в методах гидравлической раздачи кольца (получены скорости деформации порядка 5·102 с-1) и электрического взрыва проводника (получены скорости деформации 1,5·104 с-1). Диапазон скоростей деформации для растяжения поперёк волокна также был расширен за счёт испытаний на плосковолновой удар. В ходе эксперимента, для скорости растяжения 1,5·104 с-1 получены значения прочности в 45 и 55 МПа, что в два с половиной раза больше, чем прочность в статическом эксперименте.

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Высокоскоростная деформация, углепластик, разрезной стержень гопкинсона, полимерные композиты, сервогидравлические машины, плосковолновой удар, электрический взрыв проводника, испытания падающим грузом, механические испытания материалов, испытания на сдвиг

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Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/146283056

IDR: 146283056   |   УДК: 539.3   |   DOI: 10.15593/perm.mech/2024.5.04

Experimental study of fiber-reinforced plastics in a broad range of strain rates

The paper presents a review of testing fiber-reinforced plastics for strength and elasticity characteristics at high strain rates. Particular attention is paid to strain rate ranges covered, conformity of stress state to the expected one, and validity of failure mode. The review is presented in an “approach, configuration, method” paradigm, where the configuration means geometry of the specimen and auxiliary equipment, the approach is either to create a simple configuration with a complex stress state (non-classical approach), or a complex configuration providing a homogeneous stress state (classical approach). Finally, the method is a combination of configuration and test facilities. This narration logic allows us to systematize a large number of experimental methods and outline the ways of their further development. In addition, the paper presents original methods and results of the tests carried out by the authors. These methods add to a collection of experimental techniques and expand the range of strain rates covered. In particular, the strain rate range for tensile tests of unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced plastics along fibers is significantly extended by applying the configuration of a wound ring specimen, in the methods of ring expansion (strain rates of the order of 5·102 s-1 are obtained) and exploding wire (strain rates of 1.5·104 s-1 are obtained). The range of strain rates for tension transverse to fibers was also extended by plate impact tests. In the experiment, strength values of 45 and 55 MPa were obtained for a tensile strain rate of 1.5·104 s-1, which is two and a half times higher than the strength in static experiments.

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