Biomarkers of renal damage and immunohistochemical detection of oncogenesis in the surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma

Objective: to assess the possibility of using markers of renal injury and carcinogenesis as additional criteria for the choice of the method of surgical treatment of RCC and to minimize the risk of development and progression of kidney injury. Material and Methods. 60 patients with morphologically confirmed RCC T1-3M0N0 operated on in the volume of open nephrectomy or laparoscopic nephrectomy or laparoscopic resection and the kidney were examined. Patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1: patients after nephrectomy performed for kidney cancer using traditional surgical technique, group 2: patients after laparoscopic nephrectomy and group 3: after laparoscopic resection of kidney tumor. Before surgical operation, on the 5-7 day and after 1 month, all patients were examined by concentrations of urinary excreted lipocalin 2 (NGAL), and serum concentrations of IL-18, MMP-9 and IGF-1. Renal function was estimated using the calculated GFR equation (CKD-EPI 2009) based on serum creatinine level. Immunohistochemical study of histological preparations of distant tumors on proliferation antibodies (Ki-67, PCNA), apoptosis (BAX, Bcl-2) was performed. Differences in clinical data and clinical variables were compared using Spearman rank correlations and t-test. Results. The studied indices of renal damage of IL-18, NGAL, MMP-9 and IGF-1 both in the early (5-7 days) and later (1 month) postoperative period showed a correlation between the surgical intervention method and the degree of tumor cell differentiation. Conclusion. The levels of biomolecular markers of renal damage (IL-18, NGAL, MMP-9 and IGF-1) correlate with the degree of differentiation in thetumoral cells and functional activity of the remaining renal parenchyma in the postoperative period, but also depend on the individual characteristics of the patient's body. A certain level of expression of MMP-9 and IL-18 with a small tumor size can be a guide to determine the indications for the choice of organ-preserving surgery in patients.