Этно-религиозная идентичность галилеян раннеримского времени в свете археологии: состояние вопроса на начало XXI в

Автор: Неклюдов Константин Викторович

Журнал: Христианское чтение @christian-reading

Рубрика: Библейская археология Нового Завета

Статья в выпуске: 6 (59), 2014 года.

Бесплатный доступ

В статье рассматривается вопрос о роли результатов археологических исследований Галилеи, проводившихся в последние десятилетия, в решении важного для понимания галилейской проповеди Иисуса Христа вопроса об этно-религиозной идентичности галилеян I в. Доминирующая в науке картина Галилеи времени Иисуса как еврейской земли может быть несколько уточнена в свете публикаций результатов археологических исследований последнего времени.

Галилея, археология, исторический контекст библии, миквы, синагоги, керамика, каменные сосуды, хасмонеи, ирод антипа

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/140190059

IDR: 140190059

Список литературы Этно-религиозная идентичность галилеян раннеримского времени в свете археологии: состояние вопроса на начало XXI в

Бабкина С.В. Итурея//Православная энциклопедия. Т. 28. М., 2012. С. 356-358.
Беляев Л.А. Дан, Тель//Православная энциклопедия. Т. 13. М., 2006. С. 719-723.
Неклюдов К.В. Проблема Галилеи раннеримского времени как культурного и политического контекста провозвестия Иисуса (по материалам западной историографии XIX-XX вв.)//Христианское чтение. 2013. № 2. С. 133-169.
Тарханова С.В., Коротков П.А., Неклюдов К.В. Капернаум//Православная энциклопедия. Т. 30. М., 2012. С. 533-543.
Чехановец Я. Кедес, Тель//Православная энциклопедия. Т. 32. М., 2013. С. 307-309.
Adan-Bayewitz D., Aviam M. Iotapata, Josephus and the Siege of 67: Preliminary Report on the 1992-1994 Seasons//JRA. 1997. Vol. 10. P. 131-165.
Adan-Bayewitz D. Common Pottery in Roman Galilee: A Study of Local Trade. Ramat-Gan, 1993.
Adan-Bayewitz D. On the Chronology of the Common Pottery of Northern Roman Judaea/Palestine//One Land, Many Cultures: Archaeological Studies in Honour of Stanislao Loffreda OFM/Ed. G.C. Bottini, L.D. Segni, L.D. Chrupcala. Jerusalem, 2003. P. 5-32.
Adan-Bayewitz D., Asaro F., Wieder M., Giauque R.D. Preferential Distribution of Lamps from the Jerusalem Area in the Late Second Temple Period (Late First Century B.C.E-70 C.E.)//BASOR. 2008. Vol. 350. P. 37-85.
Adan-Bayewitz D., Wieder M. Ceramics From Roman Galilee: A Comparison of Several Techniques for Fabric Characterization//Journal of Field Archaeology. 1992. Vol. 19. P. 189-205.
Alt A. Galiläische Probleme//Palästinajahrbuch. 1937. Vol. 33. S. 52-88; 1938. Vol. 34. S. 80-93; 1939. Vol. 35. S. 64-82; 1940. 36. S. 78-92; статьи переизданы в: Idem. Kleine Schriften zur Geschichte des Volkes Israel. Bd. 2. München, 1953. S. 363-435.
Anderson J.D. The Impact of Rome on the Periphery: The Case of Palestina-Roman Period (63 B.C.E.-324 C.E.)//The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land/Ed. T.E. Levy. New York, 1995.
Arav R. Bethsaida//Jesus and Archaeology/Ed. J.H. Charlesworth. Grand Rapids, 2006. P. 145-166.
Arav R., Freund R.A., eds. Bethsaida: A City by the North Shore of the Sea of Galilee. Kirksville, 1995-2004. 3 vols.
Arbel Y. The Historical Impact and Archaeological Reflections of Intense Religious Movements: Diss. San Diego, 2005.
Ariel D.T. Stamped Amphora Handles from Bethsaida//Bethsaida: A City by the North Shore of the Sea of Galilee/Ed. R. Arav, R.A. Freund. Kirkville, 2009. Vol. 4. P. 267-292.
Ariel D.T., Finkielsztejn G. Stamped Amphora Handles//Tel Anafa I, i: Final Report on Ten Years of Excavation at a Hellenistic and Roman Settlement in Northern Israel/Ed. S.C. Herbert. Ann Arbor, 1994. P. 183-240.
Aviam M. First Century Jewish Galilee: An Archaeological Perspective//Religion and Society in Roman Palestine: Old Questions, New Approaches/Ed. D.R. Edwards. New York, 2004. P. 7-27.
Aviam M. Distribution Maps of Archaeological Data from the Galilee: An Attempt to Establish Zones Indicative of Ethnicity and Religious Affilation//Religion, Ethnicity, and Identity in Ancient Galilee: A Region in Transition/Hrsg. J. Zangenberg. Tübingen, 2007. P. 115-132.
Aviam M. First Century Jewish Galilee: An Archaeological Perspective//Religion and Society in Roman Palestine: Old Questions, New Approaches/Ed. D.R. Edwards. New York, 2004. P. 7-27.
Aviam M. Galilee: The Hellenistic to Byzantine Periods//NEAEHL. 1993. Vol. 2. P. 453-458.
Aviam M. Hellenistic Fortifications in the «Hinterland» of 'Akko-Ptolemais//Idem. Jews, Pagans and Christians in the Galilee: 25 Years of Archaeological Excavations and Surveys: Hellenistic to Byzantine Periods. Rochester, 2004. P. 22-30.
Aviam M. Introduction: Borders between Jews and Gentiles in the Galilee//Idem. Jews, Pagans and Christians in the Galilee: 25 Years of Archaeological Excavations and Surveys: Hellenistic to Byzantine Periods. Rochester, 2004. P. 9-21.
Aviam M. Socio-Economic Hierarchy and Its Economic Foundations in 1. Cent. Galilee: The Evidence from Yodefat and Gamla//Josephus Flavius: Interpretation and History/Ed. M. Mor, P. Stern, J. Pastor. Leiden, 2011. P. 29-38.
Aviam M. The Hellenistic and Hasmonaean fortress and Herodian siege complex at Qeren Naftali//Idem. Jews, Pagans and Christians in the Galilee: 25 Years of Archaeological Excavations and Surveys: Hellenistic to Byzantine Periods. Rochester, 2004. P. 59-88.
Aviam M., Syon D. Jewish Ossilegium in Galilee//What Has Athens to Do With Jerusalem: Essays on Classical, Jewish, and Early Christian Art and Archaeology in Honor of Gideon Foerster/Ed. L.V. Rutgers. Leuven, 2002. P. 151-185.
Aviam M. People, Land, Economy, and Belief in First Century Galilee and its Origins: A Comprehensive Archaeological Synthesis//The Galilean Economy in the Time of Jesus/Ed. D. Fiensy. Sheffield, 2013. P. 5-48.
Aviam M. The Decorated Stone from the Synagogue at Migdal: A Holistic Interpretation and a Glimpse into the Life of Galilean Jews at the Time of Jesus//NT. 2013. Vol. 55. № 3. P. 205-220.
Aviam M. The Hasmonaean Dynasty's Activities in the Galilee//Idem. Jews, Pagans and Christians in the Galilee: 25 Years of Archaeological Excavations and Surveys: Hellenistic to Byzantine Periods. Rochester, 2004e. P. 41-50.
Aviam M. Distribution Maps of Archaeological Data from the Galilee: An Attempt to Establish Zones Indicative of Ethnicity and Religious Affilation//Religion, Ethnicity, and Identity in Ancient Galilee: A Region in Transition/Ed. J. Zangenberg. Tübingen, 2007. P. 115-132.
Avshalom-Gorni D., Getzov N. Phoenicians and Jews: A Ceramic Case-Study//The First Jewish Revolt: Archaeology, History and Ideology/Eds. A.M. Berlin, J.A. Overman. London; New York, 2002. P. 74-84.
Bar-Kochva B. Manpower, Economics, and Internal Strife in the Hasmonaean State//Armees et fiscalité dans le monde antique: Actes de colloque national, Paris 14-16 Octobre 1976: Colloques nationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 936. Paris, 1977. P. 167-196.
Bar-Nathan R., Netzer E. Hasmonean and Herodian Palaces at Jericho: Final Reports of the 1973-1987 Excavations. Vol. 3: The Pottery. Jerusalem, 2002.
Bauer W. Jesus der Galiläer//Festgabe für Adolf Jülicher. Tübingen, 1927. S. 16-34; переиздано: Idem. Aufsätze und kleine Schriften/Hrsg. G. Strecker. Tübingen, 1967. S. 91-108.
Ben-Tor A. Hazor//OEANE. 1997. Vol. 3. P. 4-5.
Berlin A. Gamla. Vol. 1: The Pottery of the Second Temple Period: The Shmarya Gutmann Excavations, 1976-1989. Jerusalem, 2006.
Berlin A.M. Jewish Life before the Revolt: The Archaeological Evidence//JSJ. 2005. Vol. 36. P. 417-470.
Berlin A.M. Romanization and Anti-Romanization in Pre-Revolt Galilee//eadem, J.A. Overman, eds. The First Jewish Revolt: Archaeology, History, and Ideology. London; New York, 2002. P. 57-73.
Berlin A.M. The Plain Wares//Tel Anafa. Pt 2/1: The Hellenistic and Roman Pottery/Ed. S.C. Herbert, A. Berlin e.a..Ann Arbor, 1997, здесь: P. 95-96.
Berlin A., Frankel R. The Sanctuary at Mizpe Yammin: Phoenician Cult and the Terriatory in the Upper Galilee during the Persian Period//BASOR. 2012. Vol. 366. P. 25-78.
Berlin A.M. Identity Politics in Early Roman Galilee//The Jewish Revolt against Rome: Interdisciplinary Perspectives/Ed. M. Popović. Leiden, 2011. P. 69-106.
Bertram G. Der Hellenismus in der Urheimat des Evangeliums//Archiv für Religionswissenschaft. 1935. Bd. 32. S. 265-281.
Bonnie R., Richard J. Building D1 at Magdala Revisited in the Light of Public Fountain Architecture in the Late Hellenistic East//IEJ. 2012. Vol. 62. P. 71-88.
Chancey M.A. Greco-Roman Culture and the Galilee of Jesus. Camb.; N. Y., 2005.
Chancey M.A. The Cultural Milieu of Ancient Sepphoris//NTS. 2001. Vol. 47. № 2. P. 127-145.
Chancey M.A. The Epigraphic Habit of Hellenistic and Roman Galilee//Religion, Ethnicity, and Identity in Ancient Galilee: A Region in Transition/Hrsg. J. Zangenberg. Tübingen, 2007. P. 83-98.
Chancey M.A. The Myth of a Gentile Galilee. Cambridge, 2002.
Claußen C. Synagogen Palästinas in neutestamentlicher Zeit//Zeichen aus Text und Stein: Studien auf dem Weg zu einer Archäologie des Neuen Testaments. 2003. S. 351-380.
Collins J.J. Cult and Culture: The Limits of Hellenization in Judea//Hellenism in the Land of Israel/Ed. J.J. Collins, G.E. Sterling. Notre Dame, 2001. P. 38-61.
Crossan J.D., Reed J.L. Excavating Jesus Beneath the Stones, Behind the Texts. L., 2001.
Dar Sh. Settlements and Cult Sites on Mount Herman, Israel: Ituraean Culture in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods. Oxford, 1993.
Dar Sh., Kokkinos N. The Greek Inscriptions from Senaim on Mount Hermon//PEQ. 1992. Vol. 124. P. 9-25.
Derfler S. The Hellenistic Temple at Tel Beersheva. Lewiston, 1993.
Edwards D.R. Identity and Social Location in Roman Galilean Villages//Religion, Ethnicity, and Identity in Ancient Galilee: A Region in Transition/Ed. J. Zangenberg. Tübingen, 2007. P. 357-374.
Edwards D.R. Walking the Roman Landscape in Lower Galilee: Sepphoris, Jotapata and Khirbet Qana//A Wandering Galilean: Essays in Honour of S. Freyne. Leiden; Boston, 2009. P. 219-236.
Emberling G. Ethnicity in Complex Societies: Archaeological Perspectives//Journal of Archaeological Research. 1997. Vol. 5. № 4. P. 295-344.
Eshel H. A Note on «Miqvaot» At Sepphoris//Archaeology and the Galilee: Texts and Contexts in the Graeco-Roman and Byzantine Periods/Ed. D.R. Edwards, C.T. McCollough. Atlanta, 1997. P. 131-133.
Finkelstein L. The Pharisees: The Sociological Background of their Faith. Philadelphia, 19623. Vol. 1. P. 40-60.
Fitzmyer J.A. The Languages of Palestine in the First Century//CBQ. 1972. Vol. 32. P. 501-531.
Fortner S. Betsaida/Iulias in hellenistisch-römischer Zeit: Von der kome zur polis des Philippus//Leben am See Gennesaret/Ed. Faßbeck, S. Fortner, A. Rottloff, J. Zangenberg. Mainz am Rhein, 2003. S. 104-109.
Fortner S., Rottloff A. Signale aus der Vergangenheit: Die Rekonstruktion des täglichen Lebens am See in hellenistisch-römischer Zeit am Beispiel der archäologischen Funde aus Betsaida//Ibid. S. 138-146.
Frankel R. Mizpe Yammim, Mount//NEAEHL. 1993. Vol. 3. P. 1061-1063.
Frankel R., Getzov N., Aviam M., Degani A., eds. Settlement Dynamics and Regional Diversity in Ancient Upper Galilee: Archaeological Survey of Upper Galilee. Jerusalem, 2001.
Frankel R., Ventura R. The Mispey Yamim Bronzes//BASOR. 1998. Vol. 311. P. 39-56.
Freyne S. Galilee as Laboratory: Experiments for New Testament Historians and Theologians//NTS. 2007. Vol. 53. № 2. P. 147-164.
Freyne S. Galilee from Alexander the Great to Hadrian, 323 B. C.E to 135 CE: A Study of Second Temple Judaism. Wilmington, 1980
Fritz V. Kinneret: Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen auf dem Teil el-Oreme am See Gennesaret 1982-1985. Wiesbaden, 1990.
Gal Z. The Lower Galilee in the Iron Age II: Analysis of Survey Material and its Historical Interpretation//Tel Aviv. 1988-1989. Vol. 15-16. P. 56-64.
Gal Z. Lower Galilee during the Iron Age. Winona Lake, 1992.
Gal Z. Galilee: Chalcolithic to Persian Periods//NEAEHL. 1993. Vol. 2. P. 450-453. P. 451.
Gal Z. Galilee in the Bronze and Iron Ages//OEANE. 1997. Vol. 2. P. 369-370.
Galor K. The Stepped Water Installations of Sepphoris//The Archaeology of Difference: Gender, Ethnicity, Class, and the «Other» in Antiquity: Studies in Honor of E. M. Meyers/Ed. D. Edwards, Th. McCollough. Boston, 2007. P. 203-215.
Georgi D. Jüdischer Synkretismus//Die Griechen und das antike Israel: Interdisziplinäre Studien zur Religions-und Kulturgeschichte des Heiligen Landes/Hrsg. S. Alkier, M. Witte. Fribourg; Göttingen, 2004. S. 155-183.
Gibson S. Stone Vessels of the Early Roman Period From Jerusalem and Palestine: A Reassessment//One Land -Many Cultures: Archaeological Studies in Honour of S. Loffreda/Ed. G.C. Bottini, L. Di Segni, L.D. Chrupcala. Jerusalem, 2003. P. 287-308.
Goodman M. Galilean Judaism and Judaean Judaism//The Cambridge History of Judaism/Ed. W. Horbury. Cambridge, 1999. Vol. 3: The Early Roman Period. P. 596-617.
Grundmann W. Jesus der Galiläer und das Judentum. Leipzig, 1940, 1941.
Gutman S. Gamla//NEAEHL. 1993. Vol. 2. P. 459-463.
Hachlili R. Ancient Synagogues: Archaeology and Art: New Discoveries and Current Research. Leiden, 2013.
Hanson R.S. Tyrian influence in the Upper Galilee. Cambridge (Mass.), 1980.
Hartal M. Khirbet Zemel 1985-1986//IEJ. 1987. Vol. 37. P. 270-272.
Hengel M. Judentum und Hellenismus: Studien zu ihrer Begegnung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Palästinas bis zur Mitte des 2. Jh. v. Chr. Tübingen, 1969. 1988³.
Horsley R.A. Archaeology, History, and Society in Galilee: The Social Context of Jesus and the Rabbis. Valley Forge, 1996.
Jensen H.M. Herod Antipas in Galilee: The Literary and Archaeol. Sources on the Reign of Herod Antipas and its Socio-Economic Impact on Galilee. Tüb., 2006, 2010.
Jensen H.M. Herodes Antipas in Galiläa: Freund oder Feind des historischen Jesus?//Jesus und die Archäologie Galiläas/Hrsg. C. Claußen. Neukirchen-Vluyn, 2008. S. 39-73.
Kamlah J. Zwei nordpalästinische ‘Heiligtümer’ der persischen Zeit und ihre epigraphischen Funde//ZDPV. 1999. Vol. 115. S. 163-187.
Kasher A. Jews, Idumaeans, and Ancient Arabs: Relations of the Jews in Eretz-Israel with the Nations of the Frontier and the Desert during the Hellenistic and Roman Era (332 BCE-70CE). Tübingen, 1988.
Leibner U. Settlement and History in Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine Galilee. Tübingen, 2009.
Levine L.I. Jerusalem: Portrait of the City in the Second Temple Period (538 B.C.E.-70 C.E.). Philadelphia, 2002.
Loffreda S. Documentazione preliminare degli oggetti delLA XIV campagna di scavi a Cafarnao//LA. 1982. Vol. 32. P. 409-426.
Loffreda S. Scavi di et-Tabgha: Relazione finale della campagna di scavi 25 marzo -20 giugno 1969. Jerusalem, 1970.
Magen Y. Ancient Israel's Stone Age: Purity in Second Temple Times//BAR. 1998. Vol. 24. № 5. P. 46-52.
Magen Y. Jerusalem as a Center of the Stone Vessel Industry During the Second Temple Period//Ancient Jerusalem Revealed. Jerusalem, 1994. P. 252-255.
Mazar A. Beth-Shean//OEANE. 1997. Vol. 1. P. 308.
Meyers E.M. Sepphoris on the Eve of the Great Revolt (67-68 C.E.): Archaeology and Josephus//Galilee through the Centuries: Confluence of Cultures. Winona Lake, 1999. P. 109-122.
Meyers E.M., Chancey M.A. How Jewish Was Sepphoris in Jesus' Time?//BAR. 2000. Vol. 26. № 4. P. 18-33.
Meyers E.M., Strange J.F. Archaeology, the Rabbis, and Early Christianity. Nashville, 1981. P. 62-91.
Miller S.S. Some Observations on Stone Vessel Finds and Ritual Purity in Light of Talmudic Sources//Zeichen aus Text und Stein. Studien auf dem Weg zu einer Archäologie des Neuen Testaments/Hrsg. S. Alkier, J. Zangenberg. Tübingen, 2003. P. 402-419.
Moreland M.C. The Inhabitants of Galilee in the Hellenistic and Early Roman Periods: Probes into the Archaeological and Literary Evidence//Religion, Ethnicity, and Identity in Ancient Galilee: A Region in Transition/Ed. J. Zangenberg. 2007. Tübingen, P. 133-159.
Myers E.A. The Ituraeans and the Roman Near East: Reassessing the Sources. Cambridge, 2010.
Neusner J. A Life of Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai Ca. 1-80 C.E. Leiden, 1970.
Ovadiah A. Tumheim Y. Roman Temples, Shrines and Temene in Israel. Rom, 2011.
Porter S.E. Jesus and the Use of Greek in Galilee//Studying the historical Jesus: Evaluations of the state of current research/Ed. B. Chilton. Leiden, 1994. P. 123-154.
Rappaport U. The Galilee between the Hasmonean Revolt and the Roman Conquest//Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple, Mishna and Talmud Period: Studies in Honor of Shmuel Safrai/Ed. I. Gafni, A. Oppenheimer, M. Stern. Jerusalem, 1993. P. 16-30 (на иврите),
Reed J.L. Galileans, “Israelite Village Communities”, and the Sayings Gospel Q//Galilee through the Centuries: Confluence of Cultures/Ed. E.M. Meyers. Winona Lake, 1999. P. 87-108.
Reed J.L. Archaeology and the Galilean Jesus: A Re-Examination of the Evidence. Harrisburg (Penn.), 2000.
Reed J.L. Stone Vessels and Gospel Texts: Purity and Socio-Economics in John 2//Zeichen aus Text und Stein. Studien auf dem Weg zu einer Archäologie des Neuen Testaments/Hrsg. S. Alkier, J. Zangenberg. Tübingen, 2003. P. 381-401.
Root B.W. From Antipas to Agrippa II: Galilee in the First-Century CE: Diss. San Diego, 2009.
Runesson A. Architecture, Conflict, and Identity Formation: Jews and Christians in Capernaum from the First to the Sixth Century//Religion, Ethnicity, and Identity in Fncient Galilee: A Region in Transition/Ed. J. Zangenberg. Tübingen, 2007. P. 231-257.
Savage C. Supporting Evidence for a First-Century Bethsaida//Religion, Ethnicity, and Identity in Ancient Galilee: A Region in Transition/Ed. J. Zangenberg. Tübingen, 2007. P. 193-206.
Schiffman L.H. Was there a Galilean Halakhah?//The Galilee in Late Antiquity/Ed. L.I. Levine. New York; Jerusalem, 1992. P. 143-156.
Schürer E. The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ (175 B.C.-A.D. 135)/Ed. G. Vermes F. Millar, M. Black. Edinburgh, 1973. Vol. 1. P. 277.
Slane K.W. The Fine Wares//Tel Anafa I, i: Final Report on Ten Years of Excavation at a Hellenistic and Roman Settlement in Northern Israel/Ed. S.C. Herbert. Ann Arbor, 1994. P. 247-393, здесь: P. 260-261.
Syon D. Gamla, City of Refuge//The First Jewish Revolt: Archaeology, History and Ideology/Ed. A. Berlin, J. A. Oveman. London; New York, 2002.
Syon D. Tyre and Gamla: A Study in the Monetary Influence of Southern Phoenicia on Galilee and the Golan in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods: Diss. Jerusalem, 2004.
Tessaro T. Hellenistic and Roman Ceramic Cooking Ware from Bethsaida//Bethsaida: A City by the North Shore of the Sea of Galilee/Ed. R. Arav, R.A. Freund. Kirkville, 1995. Vol. 1. P. 127-139.
Ussishkin D. Megiddo//OEANE. Vol. 3. P. 467-468.
Weippert M. Eine phönizische Inschrift aus Galiläa//ZDPV. 1999. Bd. 115. S. 163-187, 191-200.
Zangenberg J. Archaeological News from the Galilee: Tiberias, Magdala and Rural Galilee//Early Christianity. 2010. Vol. 1. № 3. P. 471-484.
Zangenberg J. Das Galiläa des Josephus und das Galiläa der Archäologie: Tendenzen und Probleme der neueren Forschung//Josephus und das Neue Testament: Wechselseitige Wahrnehmungen. II. Internationales Symposium zum Corpus Judaeo-Hellenisticum, 25.-28. Mai 2006/Hrsg. Chr. Böttrich. Greifswald, 2007. P. 265-294.
Zangenberg J. Jesus der Galiläer und die Archäologie: Beobachtungen zur Bedeutung der Archäologie für die historische Jesusforschung//Münchener Theologische Zeitschrift. 2013. Bd. 64. № 2. S. 123-156.
Zangenberg J. Jesus-Galiläa-Archäologie: Neue Forschungen zu einer Region im Wandel//Jesus und die Archäologie Galiläas/Ed. C. Claußen. Neukirchen-Vluyn, 2008. S. 7-38.
Zangenberg J. Magdala am See Gennesaret Überlegungen zur sogenannten «mini-sinagoga» und einige andere Beobachtungen zum kulturellen Profil des Ortes in neutestamentlicher Zeit. Waltrop, 2001.

Еще

Статья научная