Ethnoreligious factors influencing the international and political situation in the Caucasus (second half of the 19th century)

The article delves into the study and analysis of the most significant ethno-religious factors that had a substantial impact on the evolving geopolitical, international, and political landscape of the Caucasus region during the second half of the 19th century, specifically during its incorporation into the Russian Empire. The author places particular emphasis not only on the polyethnic and multiconfessional nature of the region but also on the territories inhabited by mountain peoples, each possessing distinct customs, religious preferences, and unique social norms that markedly differ among the numerous ethnic groups of the Caucasus. As a result of this research, the author concludes that the peculiar geopolitical and international position of the Caucasus necessitated measured decisions from the political elites and the search for allies to address prevailing challenges. This consideration was taken into account by the Russian Empire during the process of integrating the region into the state.