The evolution of the factors of morality formation: from religious and ideological dictates to the digital community

This research article explores the evolution of key factors shaping morality in society, with an emphasis on transformations in the 20th and 21st centuries. The article analyzes the weakening of the traditional influence of religion, family and ideologies and the increasing role of digital technologies, globalization and mass media. Based on a comparative historical analysis, structural shifts have been identified: the transition from a hierarchical model of morality («from above») towards network and hybrid («from below»), fragmentation of moral discourse under the influence of social networks and the crisis of the institution of the family. Special attention is paid to the dual role of technology, which simultaneously enhances critical thinking and creates new epistemological barriers.