Evolution of national agricultural models and assessment of their applicability to Russia

The article examines the evolution of agricultural development models, highlighting major transformations in the institutional, technological, and managerial dimensions of the agrarian sector. Based on comparative-historical and typological analysis, six models are identified: traditional, extensive, intensive, export-oriented, organic, and digital (smart). Each model is described according to its resource dependency, sustainability, technological level, and applicability. A matrix of model adaptability to the context of the Russian agricultural economy is developed, accounting for spatial heterogeneity and institutional constraints. The findings support the rationale for implementing a hybrid, multilevel agricultural model that reflects regional specifics and strategic priorities of national agricultural policy.