Эволюционно-этологические аспекты суицида

Автор: Розанов Всеволод Анатолиевич

Журнал: Суицидология @suicidology

Статья в выпуске: 3 (28) т.8, 2017 года.

Бесплатный доступ

Обзор затрагивает такие вопросы, как самоубийство в мире животных, виды поведения животных, которые напоминают суицидальное, этологические корреляты суицидальности, взаимосвязь агрессии и аутоагрессии с учетом эволюции поведения, суицид с точки зрения теорий эволюции, эволюционные гипотезы, объясняющие рост самоубийств, эволюционные аспекты пола и их значение для половых различий в суицидальности. Гипотезы, объясняющие рост самоубийств с позиций дарвиновского селектогенеза не очень убедительны, в то время как альтернативные теории эволюции, в которых первостепенная роль придаётся влиянию внешней среды и предполагается возможность направленных изменений в геноме, дают более логичные объяснения. Наиболее привлекательно выглядит концепция психоламаркизма, дополненная современными взглядами о роли эпигенетических феноменов, индуцированных стрессом, и о возможности трансгенерационной передачи поведенческих фенотипов, связанных с ними. Данная тематика имеет не только общетеоретическое и концептуальное значение, но и может рассматриваться в прикладном плане, как задел для моделирования суицидального поведения на животных и обоснование направленных стратегий превенции.

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Суицид, аутоагрессия, агрессия, эволюция

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/140219312

IDR: 140219312   |   УДК: 616.89-008

Evolutionary-ethological perspectives of suicide

Current review is discussing such aspects of suicide as possibility of suicide in animals, animals’ behaviors that resemble suicide, ethological correlates of suicide, association between aggression and self-aggression in relation to evolution of behavior, suicide from the evolutionary perspective, evolutionary hypotheses explaining growing suicides, evolutionary aspects of sex differentiation and their relevance for sex differences in suicide rates. Darwinian hypotheses explaining suicide are not very convincing, while alternative hypotheses of evolution, which put forward the role of the environment and imply purposeful changes in genome provide more logical explanations. The most attractive for its’ explanatory power is the psycholamarckizm concept, supplemented with modern knowledge on the role of epigenetic programming by stress and the possibility of transgenerational transfer of stress-induced phenotypes. This conceptual framework may be relevant not only for theoretical purposes but also may be useful for suicide modeling and for the development of more targeted prevention strategies.

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