уголовно-правовые науки. Рубрика в журнале - EUROPEAN AND ASIAN LAW REVIEW
CRIMINAL LAW CONDITIONS FOR CONDUCTING A SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENT ON A PERSON
Статья
The problem of causing harm to a person’s health during an experiment (including for medical purposes), and the issue of the person’s consent for conducting the experiment by third parties has long been in the focus of legal scholars. Recent developments in the Russian criminal legislation have intensified research in this sphere. There is no doubt that in modern society we need to find an adequate balance between the achievements of science and the basic values of persons, and, first of all, their life and health. In this regard, it is necessary to elaborate a clear definition of legitimate conditions for conducting a scientific experiment on a person under criminal law. Relying on the analysis, deduction and induction of scientific views regarding the conduct of a scientific experiment on persons and their consent to it, the author of the article has formulated universal conditions necessary and sufficient for such an experiment.
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Статья
The goal of this paper is to describe some aspects of one type of corruption – judicial corruption – and to minimize it by introducing into practice new legal provisions and digital technologies. The experience of some states, including Kyrgyzstan, in the use of digital technologies for minimizing corruption has been summarized in the paper. Also, the reasons have been provided for active development of new areas for anticorruption efforts by introducing digital technologies. According to the authors, digitalization can increase openness, public disclosure and transparency significantly, reveal corruptogenic ties, schemes and relationships, and optimize the anti-corruption efforts by the state. The research materials can prove useful for law enforcement agents who are working in corruption prevention, as well as for the general public interested in corruption problems.
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Статья
The paper examines the issue of victim / witness testimony, an investigative procedure introduced in the Kyrgyz Republic Criminal Procedure Code in 2019. It can be argued that this institution enables the development of the adversarial principle and the principle of equality of parties in pre-trial proceedings. The author points out that for the Criminal Procedure code of some former Soviet states, this institution is new, though it was first reflected in English law of the 19th century. The author notes the debatable nature of re-examining a victim / witness when the merits of the case are considered. In this regard, improvement in Art. 208 of the existing Kyrgyz Republic Criminal Procedure Code is suggested. Additionally, the article examines the issue of what a deposition is – an investigative procedure or an institution. The author states that deposition of testimony is an investigative procedure.
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HUMAN RIGHTS AND CRIMINAL PROCESS: MODERN TENDENCIES
Статья
The subject of the research is social relations in the field of ensuring and protecting human rights in the criminal process. The goal is to identify and to describe the factors that determine ensuring and protecting human rights in the criminal process. The hypothesis of the research suggests that there are positive and negative trends that influence ensuring and protecting human rights during criminal proceedings. Also, it is possible to identify basic components of these trends. General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, a dialectical method) have been applied, as well as Hexagram – a categorical symbol-based approach. As a result, the main factors enabling ensuring and protecting human rights in the criminal process have been identified along with the main obstructions; correlations between them have been found and comprehended; a factor model has been designed to represent both factor groups comprehensively. Conclusions: the factors enabling ensuring and protecting human rights in the criminal process include proper substantiation of the circumstances of the committed crime; the priority of human rights in legal and law enforcement activities; protection of those categories of individuals who cannot pursue their rights to the full extent. The factors preventing ensuring and protecting human rights in the criminal process include a criminal-legal conflict, legislation drawbacks, flaws in organizing law-enforcement activity. Range of applicability of the results: the resulting factor model facilitates the search for a comprehensive solution to the problem of ensuring and protecting human rights in the criminal process.
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Статья обзорная
This article is aimed at studying the problems of criminal law-making when determining sanctions in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Bulgaria. The theoretical basis of these problems includes legal aspects on the following issues: a) functional connection between the disposition and sanctions in the structure of the criminal law provision; b) legal technique, criteria and methods of the Bulgarian legislator when formulating sanctions in the Criminal Code; c) need to modernize the foundations of the criminal law in connection with the determination of sanctions of legal provisions.
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Статья
Perhaps the most critical step in international litigation is effectiveness, i.e, enforcing a judgment rendered in a foreign jurisdiction. From a global perspective, the enforcement of foreign judgments is generally a complex field, governed by a variety of approaches in different jurisdictions, involving a mixture of bilateral and multilateral conventions and jurisdiction-specific procedural laws, rules and regulations. The approaches to recognition and enforcement of judgments differ widely around the world, hence the importance of analyzing the similarities and differences between foreign legal systems that will be the subject of study in comparative law. The research regarding the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgment in each of the BRICS member countries began with the speech we delivered at the Euro-Asian Law Congress, ‘Ninth Session, Law and national interests in modern geopolitics – Expert Group: International and national mechanisms of dispute settlement in Euro-Asian Region’, held on June 18–19, 2015, in Yekaterinburg, Russia. This article is the beginning of a larger research project where, in the end, we intend to bring a comparative picture of the system in each of the BRICS countries. In this paper we will deal with the Brazilian legal system, detailing all the steps to be faced to have a foreign decision recognized in Brazil.
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SYSTEMATICITY AS A WAY TO INTERNATIONALIZE THE DIRECTION OF CRIMINAL LAW IN RUSSIA
Статья
The paper provides the rationale for systematicity of phenomena (processes) that serves (can serve) as a way to internationalize the direction of criminal law in Russia. The research methodology includes using historical, sociological, axiological, and logical methods of comparative legal studies that allows expanding the subject matter of research significantly. However, due to the specificity of the research, structured system analysis and functional analysis are used as the main methods. The accomplishment of the objectives set by the authors allowed them to be convinced that the internationalization of Russian law (just like the law of any other country) is not only possible but necessary in a number of cases. This fact is substantiated by the multipolar world order that also reigns in the criminal world, where the development vector has rapidly changed from unipolar to multipolar in the context of recent events. Internationalization of the measures countering such crimes as, for instance, illegal traffic, slave traffic, kidnapping, acts of terrorism, etc. can be taken as an example. Countering any of these crimes as well as any other similar crimes is more than one country can manage, particularly, when the country is less developed or dependent. In this context, efficacy can only be achieved through consolidated and highly organized unity of many countries, which in turn, is impossible without proper international efforts of many countries of the world or – in many cases – of their majority.
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БАЛАНС ИНТЕРЕСОВ ПРИ НАЗНАЧЕНИИ НАКАЗАНИЯ
Статья
В статье рассматриваются принципы назначения наказания с точки зрения обеспечения баланса интересов: публичного и частного. Методология исследования включает в себя использование таких методов, как аксиологический, логический, что позволяет значительно расширить предмет исследования. Однако, в силу специфики исследования, в качестве основных используются методы системно-структурного и функционального анализа. Приводится анализ понятия назначения наказания, принципов назначения наказания. По мнению авторов, назначение наказания – это целенаправленная последовательная деятельность суда по определению конкретной меры наказания, соответствующая установленным в уголовном законе правилам, обеспечивающая баланс публичных и частных интересов. Обсуждается вопрос о соотношении принципов назначения наказания и общих начал назначения наказания. Авторы полагают, что принцип справедливости при назначении наказания относится к числу приоритетных. Публичный интерес отражен в принципе справедливости, поскольку процесс назначения наказания напрямую связан с решением вопроса о соответствии наказания совершенному преступлению. При этом требуется учет личности виновного, что отражает его частный интерес. Именно в этом, по мнению авторов, видится баланс публичных и частных интересов при назначении наказания лицу, признанному виновным в совершении преступления.
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КАТЕГОРИЯ «ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЕ» В УГОЛОВНОМ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВЕ СТРАН ЕАЭС
Статья
В статье рассматривается уголовное законодательство стран-участниц ЕАЭС в части определения понятия преступления. Уголовно-правовая категория «преступление» является центральной категорией для абсолютного большинства юрисдикций. Однако, наблюдается изменение подхода к категоризации в Республике Казахстан, которая заключается в появлении новой «надкатегории» по отношению к преступлению – «уголовное правонарушение». Методология исследования включает в себя использование таких методов, как аксиологический, логический, что позволяет значительно расширить предмет исследования. Однако, в силу специфики исследования, в качестве основного используется сравнительный метод. Проводится анализ понятия и признаков преступления, содержащихся в уголовном законодательстве стран-участниц ЕАЭС, которые имеют практически идентичное содержание. Отдельно обсуждаются понятия преступления и уголовного проступка в уголовном законодательстве Республики Казахстан, а также способы и проблемы их разграничения. В заключении автор приходит к выводу о том, что введение в УК РК уголовного проступка и образование, в связи с этим, надкатегории «уголовное правонарушение» вызывает критику, связанную с проблемами отграничения преступлений, уголовных проступков и административных правонарушений, а также с подменой понятий преступление и уголовное правонарушение.
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ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЗАЯВЛЕНИЯ И РАЗРЕШЕНИЯ ХОДАТАЙСТВ ПРИ ОЗНАКОМЛЕНИИ С МАТЕРИАЛАМИ УГОЛОВНОГО ДЕЛА
Статья
В статье рассматриваются особенности заявления и разрешения ходатайств при ознакомлении с материалами уголовного дела. Ознакомление обвиняемого и его защитника с материалами уголовного дела имеет большое значение, поскольку позволяет им оценить собранные доказательства, заявить ходатайства о проведении дополнительных следственных действий, сформировать свою позицию для участия в судебном разбирательстве.
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