To the problem of negative axiology in the artistic world of F. M. Dostoevsky

This article projects the views of representatives of Russian literary and religious-philosophical criticism at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. (ranging from V. V. Rozanov to A. F. Losev) a number of images of characters from the artistic world of F. M. Dostoevsky are in-terpreted from the point of view of various axiological approaches and values. Close attention is paid to the falsely understood freedom, its replacement by self-will / unlimited freedom by a number of characters of F. M. Dostoevsky: Raskolnikov from “Crime and Punishment”, the un-derground paradoxist of the story “Notes from Underground” and the characters of the novel “Demons” Pyotr Verkhovensky, Shigalev and Kirillov. The specifics of each of these substitu-tions, the origins of its formation, evolution, connection with faith and atheism, paradox and the final results of such substitution are considered. The failed anthropological experiments of F. M. Dostoevsky’s heroes are attempts to go beyond the boundaries of humanity. In his self-willed characters, F. M. Dostoevsky shows the terrifying limits to which some of his characters strive, having taken the path of rebellion, self-proclaimed despotic law or religious atheism. Such a choice often turns into a parody of freedom, and religious rebellion turns into a caricature of power.