On the issue of civil liability of a passenger for damage caused by an unmanned vehicle

The author analyzes the possibility and feasibility of bringing the passenger of an unmanned vehicle of level 5 automation without a test driver in the cabin, including unmanned robotaxis, to tort liability for damage caused by the vehicle to other road users and their property while driving. In the article, the author, relying on foreign experience, examines the categories of passengers, the basis for the duty of a passenger in an unmanned vehicle at level 5 automation to exercise caution when moving the vehicle and prevent accidents, and the conditions for holding the passenger liable for damage caused by failure to fulfill this duty.