To the question of social control in Russia in the second half of the XIX - the beginning of the XX century (on the example of the Cuban Cossacks)

The relevance of the study of social control in Russia in the second half of the 19th - the beginning of the 20th century is due to the steady interest in the problem on the part not only of representatives of the scientific community, but also of practitioners and politicians. The study of social control in the historical past can contribute to an objective perception of this problem in modern society. Moreover, in historiography, this problematic has not been practically studied. Many aspects of the development of social control in Russia in the historical plan remain poorly researched. Among them is the question of the influence not only of socio-political but also historical factors on forms and methods, mechanisms for implementing social control. In the article, social control is considered in the context of deviance and modernization transformation of pre-revolutionary Russian society. And this problematic is analyzed on a regional basis. On the basis of the theoretical and source analysis, the specifics of the implementation of social control in the post-reform Cossack society are revealed. The influence of modernization on the mechanism of social control is being considered, which has become more complex and, at the same time, more flexible, responding to the demands of social progress. The article also reveals the features of the transformation of the normative behavior of the Kuban Cossacks, its value system, which was due to the destruction of the traditional way of life in the post-reform period. It is concluded that the development of capitalist relations in the Kuban, a change in the traditional values of the Cossacks, led to the growth of criminal offenses. A special role is played in the daily life of the Kuban Cossacks in the norms of customary law, which often acted as the only regulator of behavior. It regulated the communal life of the Cossacks, family relations, and way of life.