The quality of op-varieties sunflower seeds of the different reproductions

The researches were conducted at the central experimental base of FGBNU VNIIMK, Krasnodar. A purpose of the work was to study the quality of sunflower seeds of the different reproductions of following varieties: Buzuluk, R-453, SUR, SPK, Lakomka, and Oreshek. There were used original (breeder) seeds from reproductive plots, original seeds (superelite), elite and certified seeds (CS1) produced in the central zone of the Krasnodar region in 2012 and 2013. Oil content of seeds was determined by the State Standard R 8.620-2006, 1000 seeds weight - by the State Standard 12042-80. The analysis of pathogenic microflora was made by Naumova’s methods (1970), fatty-acid composition of oil was analyzed by a method of gas-liquid chromatography on an instrument Chromatek-Kristall 5000. The seeds of all reproductions on emergency met to terms of the State Standard R 52325-2005. The original (breeder) seeds from reproductive plots were compared to the certified seeds CS1 on oil content of seeds. The differences between the two groups were at the varieties Buzuluk, R-453, and SUR 0.5-1.6 %, at the varieties SPK, Lakomka, and Oreshek - 1.7-4.4 %. During reproduction from the original seeds to the certified seeds CS1, content of linoleic acid increased: from 49.0 to 58.2 % at a variety Buzuluk, from 48.7 to 56.6% at a variety R-453, from 37.1 to 51.5 % at a variety SUR, and from 46.1 to 55.0 % at SPK. But content of oleic acid, quite the contrary, decreased. Fatty-acid composition of oil in seeds of the different reproductions of the varieties Lakomka and Oreshek was invariable. The pathogenic microflora was presented generally by Alternaria and Bacteriosis exciters. The infectious sources of a quarantine disease Phomopsis was not found out. There was no regularity in distribution of pathogens on seeds depending on a reproduction. The variety Buzuluk appeared to be the most stable in the oil group of sunflower varieties during reproduction from the original seeds to certified one. There was noted a decreasing of seed and oil yields per a hectare in a progeny of the super-elite seeds of the variety R-453, and in a progeny of the elite and certified seeds CS1 of the variety SUR. The variety Lakomka appeared to be the most stable on duration of a stage ‘appearance of seedlings -flowering’ and plant height in a group of confectionary varieties. But the varieties SPK and Oreshek have changed these traits at the reproduction stage from the elite to certified seeds CS1. The essential decreasing of oil content and oil yield was recorded in the certified seeds CS1 of the variety Lakomka compared to its original seeds. The varieties SPK and Oreshek did not show such differences.