Staffing for import substitution processes in the manufacturing sector: problems and solutions

The article is devoted to the analysis of personnel support for import substitution processes in the Russian manufacturing sector in the context of increasing sanctions pressure after 2022. Systemic problems are identified, including a shortage of qualified specialists in high-tech industries (microelectronics, mechanical engineering, IT), non-compliance of educational programs with the requirements of Industrie 4.0, as well as demographic and regional imbalances. Based on the analysis of statistics from Rosstat and the Ministry of Industry and Trade and foreign experience, solutions are proposed: integration of dual training, digital simulators (VR / AR) and cluster models. Particular attention is paid to government support measures, such as tax breaks for enterprises, housing subsidies for specialists in single-industry towns and funding of educational hubs.