Framed composites based on liquid glass roller molding

Introduction. The work is devoted to the experimental and theoretical study of the technology and properties of composite materials based on soluble glass. The prospects for the manufacture of floor coverings and other products using frame technology and roller molding are shown. Materials and methods. The frame technology for the manufacture of building composites consists in the first stage of gluing grains of large filler to each other according to the shape of the future product, and in the second stage – filling the voids of the hardened porous frame with a solution component. Roller molding is used both when performing the operation of compacting the frame and when filling its voids with a matrix. The purpose of the work was to conduct an experimental and theoretical study of the manufacturing technology, physical and mechanical properties and chemical and biological stability of composites based on liquid glass. To analyze the mechanism of the stress-strain state of compacted mixtures, a rheological model is considered, in which the mechanical characteristics of the medium are determined by fundamental properties: viscosity, elasticity and plasticity. When conducting experimental studies, sodium liquid glass was used, sodium fluorosilicate was the hardener, and powders based on mineral and organic materials served as fillers. Furyl alcohol was used as a polymer additive. Results. The optimization of the compositions of frames and matrices for framed concretes was performed. The studies were carried out using mathematical methods of experiment planning. Three-factor matrices consisting of 10 experiments were considered. Discussion. The best strength characteristics are demonstrated by matrix compositions that include filler mixtures of quartz sand, pyrite cinders and diatomite, and the greatest strength of the framework is achieved by including granules of 5–10 mm in the composition – 7%, 2.5–5 mm – 23%, 1.25–2,5 – 70%. The chemical and biological resistance of composites on silicate and polymer silicate binders was studied. Chemical resistance was determined in water, aqueous solutions of caustic soda, technological environments of soft drink factories, and biological resistance – in a standard environment of mycelial fungi. It was found that composites containing modifying additives are characterized by higher resistance rates. Conclusion. Scientific and technological foundations for managing the structure and properties of liquid glass framed composites of vibration-free roller molding have been developed, as well as scientifically based solutions for improving the compositions of frame and matrix mixtures by regulating the processes of chemical interaction between components, the grain composition of fillers and aggregates, and the introduction of special additives to ensure increased strength, chemical and biological resistance of concrete.