Categories of Land Tenure in the Kokon Khanate

The article examines the issues of land use by the settled and nomadic population engaged in cattle breeding in the Fergana Valley during the Kokand Khanate. It is noted that in the khanate, which existed until the mid-70s of the XIX century, issues of land use, tax collection, land leasing and other aspects were under the control of the state, and land holdings were divided into several categories. As in other Muslim states, in the Kokand Khanate the land was divided into three main categories: amlyak, mulk and waqf lands. The khans made efforts to expand arable lands, build new canals, divert water to barren lands and create an irrigation system. According to historical sources, in the 19th century. In the first half of the 19th century, the khanate saw the development of an irrigation system. Based on data from pre-revolutionary authors such as V. Nalivkin and A. Kun, the article indicates that during the reign of Omar and Khudoyar, work was carried out to conduct water to dry lands, build canals and sell lands to private ownership. It is emphasized that the value of land in the Fergana Valley was determined by its fertility and the availability of water resources. For example, with the appearance of water in the Yangi-Korgon area, the southern part of the Namangan district gradually turned into a cultural oasis, and in Namangan itself, all the conditions for its development as a trading city were created. Therefore, attempts were also made to replenish the treasury of the khanate by expanding agricultural lands through irrigation (reservoirs) of dry fields. Numerous historical sources confirm that newly acquired lands were transferred into private ownership by the khan's family to persons close to him.