Category of isomorphism in philosophy and functional grammar

Fundamental changes in the technological structure of society, reflecting the development of the labor essence of people, are accompanied by transformations in human intelligence, the formation of a scientific worldview, the systematization of true knowledge and its effective application in practice. Modern science with its reliance on interdisciplinarity and deep interconnection between different fields requires researchers to turn to the means of scientific philosophy which provides knowledge of the most general, fundamental properties of reality, as well as to utilize a comprehensive, systemic methodology. The article is examined the category of isomorphism as a structural identity, analyzed the historical, scientific and philosophical origins of identity, isomorphism and homomorphism, the specificity of isomorphism in language. Due to the multi-layered nature of the language structure, isomorphism can be observed in units of different language levels and planes. From the standpoint of functional grammar, using the example of verbs with an incorporated actant, such cases of isomorphism as incorporation and syncretism are analyzed. It is believed that the causes of isomorphism in language should be sought in the phenomenon of linguistic economy, i. e. the tendency of speakers to transmit maximum information using fewer means. Therefore, the principle of economy in language appears to be one of the objective and universal laws and considered a form of self-organization of language as a system. The relevance of the research lies in the use of a systems approach as an advanced scientific methodology and insufficient study of isomorphism in functional grammar. The ontological aspect of the research is due to the need of identifying the subordination of language as a material-ideal system to the principle of universal connection, to the functioning of systems in general. The epistemological aspect of the study consists in using a systems approach in relation to the study of linguistic phenomena.