The category of “incitement” as an integrative term in the legal field in the context of expert activities regarding the counteraction of extremist crimes

The article examines the substantive content of the category of “incitement” in the context of its intersection with other legal concepts such as “inducement”, “propaganda”, and “call to action”, taking into account their interpretation during linguistic expertise related to extremist crimes. The aim of the study is to analyze the interpretative binary nature of the term in the aspect of countering illegal activities, wherein its semantic content acquires a binary legal-linguistic character. The relevance of this issue arises from the fact that varying interpretations of the term lead to different classifications of acts, thereby determining the nature of the consequences for offenders in cases related to extremist activities. The author investigates the polystructural nature of incitement, which manifests itself in the direction towards the commission of an act (incitement to action) or the acceptance of an idea (incitement to opinion). Furthermore, the paper analyzes the consequences arising from the uncoordinated interpretation of the term within legal and expert discourses, proposing potential solutions to the identified issues. The author suggests a principle of hierarchical connection of terms, considering their legal and linguistic semantic content in the production of expertise, relying on the results of a comparative analysis of various legal, scientific, and methodological sources. The study emphasizes the necessity for a coherent approach to terminology in expert practices, advocating for an understanding that integrates both legal frameworks and linguistic nuances to ensure consistency in the adjudication of extremist-related offenses.