Chinese economic diplomacy in the face of sanctions

The article analyzes Chinese economic diplomacy in the context of sanctions. Economic diplomacy is an effective means of leveling security threats that have a pronounced socio-economic nature. In China, economic diplomacy refers to two areas of international government activity: the use of economic levers to solve foreign policy problems and the use of classical diplomacy to achieve economic goals and benefits. In official foreign policy rhetoric, China unequivocally condemns the use of unilateral economic sanctions as an instrument of foreign policy. However, in practice, it increasingly turns to this tool of economic diplomacy as its economy grows and its weight in world trade. In most cases, China does not officially declare the imposition of economic sanctions, its economic coercion measures are short-term in nature, based on the disproportionate importance of the sanctioned sphere for China and its partner and accompanied by diplomatic pressure. Historically, China has imposed economic sanctions in cases where its national interests have been infringed upon or denied by foreign countries, as well as in response to foreign authorization. In addition to economic coercion, China actively uses economic incentives, a mechanism for multiplying preferences. In general, despite the growing awareness of its economic armament, China is focusing on defensive rather than offensive measures.