Classification schemes of argumentation in the humanities discourse (on the material of Russian and Belarusian texts)

The article presents the author 's typology of classification schemes of argumentation created on the basis of the analysis of Russian-language and Belarusian-language humanities. Classification schemes are based on the implementation of different kinds of mental operations with concepts. Depending on the specifics of the intellectual processes different types of classification schemes are singled out: definitive schemes; characterizing schemes; schemes based on the relation “genus-species”; schemes based on the relation of “whole-part”; relational schemes. Each of the distinguished types includes variant models determined by the direction of reasoning. Specific identification methods, including language representation are established for all types of the classification schemes. Argument schemes markers are characterized by wide variability as well as by pragmatic ambiguity, which should be taken into account at the identification of the schemes. Validity check of various kinds of argument reasoning involves the use of critical questions. Mental structures that comply with the classification schemes, the ways of their language representation, functional regularities are common for Russian and Belarusian humanitarian discourses. The differences relate only to the frequency of use of different models and discursive clichйs, as well as to a distinctive lexical filling of argumentative markers. The recognition of the revealed regularities is an essential requirement for the production of competent reasoning, its qualitative analysis and adequate evaluation in the discourse of the humanities.