Cell mechanisms of chronic neuroinflamation

Neuroinflammation can develop long before the death of neurons. We investigated the deferred effects of a lipopolysaccharide single injection in the rat substantia nigra to identify the molecular and cellular mechanisms of persistent neuroinflammation. After 8 weeks, there was a large number of microglia and astrocytes with high expression of MHC II and glial fibrillary acidic protein, respectively. The observed reaction is accompanied by the induction tumor necrosis factor-а in the walls of blood vessels and migration of lymphocytes into the brain parenchyma. These results are discussed in terms of the systemic organization of the cells network.