Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of cardiorenal syndrome in dogs with bicuspid valve endocardiosis

The aim of the study is to investigate clinical and echocardiographic parameters in dogs with the deve-lopment of cardiorenal syndrome as a complication of bicuspid valve endocardiosis. The study was con-ducted on 22 healthy dogs and 55 dogs with bicuspid valve endocardiosis complicated by cardiorenal syn-drome. The sick dogs were divided into two groups: the first group was free from cardiorenal complications (n = 24), the second group was with cardiorenal syndrome (n = 31). It was shown that cardiorenal synd-rome in dogs can develop as a complication of congestive left ventricular heart failure in left atrioventricular valve endocardiosis. In this case, cardiorenal syndrome is a marker of a more severe course of congestive left ventricular heart failure in dogs, which, in turn, initiates a decrease in renal function. Clinically, cardiorenal syndrome in dogs with endocardiosis is manifested by dyspnea, tachypnea during rest and sleep, tachycardia, systemic arterial hypertension and hypothermia. Echocardiographic studies in dogs with cardiorenal syndrome revealed signs of dilation of the pulmonary vein by 2.25 times (p < 0.001) and the left atrium by 1.66 times (p < 0.001), a decrease in longitudinal contractility of the left myocardium by 1.5 times (p < 0.05) and the right ventricle by 1.25 times (p < 0.05) compared to healthy dogs. In addition, in dogs with cardiorenal syndrome, a restrictive type of diastolic dysfunction of the heart was verified (an increase in peak E by 1.85 times (p < 0.001) and a decrease in peak A of transmitral blood flow by 1.5 times (p < 0.001), a decrease in the time of isovolumic relaxation by 1.74 times (p < 0.001) compared with healthy animals), as well as pronounced eccentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle (an increase in the end-diastolic size of the left ventricle by 1.38 times (p < 0.001) compared with healthy animals).