Cognitive science and the foundations of linguistic knowledge

The article is devoted to the description of the foundations of linguistic knowledge in the perspective of cognitive science. Language is considered as a phenomenon in which huge layers of information are concentrated reflecting a cognitive chain of «consciousness - language - representation - conceptualization - categorization - perception». The article highlights the important role of cognition, which consists in understanding the surrounding reality. The article considers such cognitive abilities as perception, assimilation and processing of language, as well as the acquisition, presentation and use of knowledge. The author comes to the conclusion that the attitude to objects of the world around us as to similar ones in the field of application, function, appearance and so on and so forth, is the reason for the formation of reflective-oriented categories.