Frequency scanning ring multibeam antenna array

Background. Implementation of scanning antennas for noise-immune communication systems and radar systems is an important and urgent task. One of the most promising methods of beam deflection is frequency scanning, which can be effectively combined with switching, which will provide full-azimuth and elevation scanning without using phase shifters. Aim. To study and simulate a ring multi-beam antenna system with the ability to frequency scan, as well as the ability to form several beams simultaneously. To perform simulation when feeding different ports to assess the capabilities of forming different antenna beams, as well as in multi-beam mode. To study the possibility of beam deflection by frequency with the determination of the range of operating frequencies. Methods. The main results are obtained on the basis of electrodynamic modeling, which was performed using the finite element method in DS CST Studio Suite 2025. The main methods of analyzing the characteristics were based on the consideration of the radiation patterns, as well as their behavior during diffraction on echelette gratings. Results. The characteristics of the antenna system were obtained in the frequency range from 8,3 to 10 GHz. It was found that the antenna system allows implementing full-azimuth scanning by switching a different number of input ports. It is shown that the proposed design of the antenna system can be controlled both in the beam direction and in the main lobe width by switching a different number of antenna elements, while maintaining frequency scanning in a wide range of operating frequencies. It is found that the antenna allows for the formation of two differently directed beams with frequency scanning. Conclusion. The proposed antenna system can be used to implement high-frequency detection of small targets, implement a noise-immune communication channel with frequency tuning to keep an object in the antenna beam. The peculiarity of the proposed multi-beam antenna is the possibility of implementing two-coordinate scanning based on frequency scanning and switching connection of antenna elements.