Bone ring buckles/pendants in Central and Eastern Europe during the transition from the third to the second millennia BC or convergence minus

The paper explores bone ring buckles and pendants which became widespread at the end of the third - early second millennia BC in eastern Europe, central Europe and the Carpathian-Danube region. In the eastern European steppe-forest-steppe areas they are well represented in assemblages of the Babino contexts whereas in the western areas they are represented in the cultures of the Late Eneolithic and the early Bronze Age (Bz A period after P. Reinecke). The main issue of the paper is whether these two phenomena can be considered as convergent or they are directly correlated. The analysis of the entire dataset shows that the ring buckle fashion in the Babino contexts (Babino-like cultures) was a manifestation of the European migration pulse which led to a drastic transformation of the cultural situation in eastern Europe in 2200 calBC.