Quantitative characteristics of new soybean varieties using growth and development regulators

At present, the development of concepts of physiological-genetic theory of crop yield is a pressing task. A new approach to breeding is being developed that involves the use of methods for quantitative assessment of morphological and physiological characteristics of plants that limit their potential productivity. Introduction of biologization of agriculture is necessary to reduce the chemical load on the environment. The influence of growth and development regulators rhizotorfin and humifulin on quantitative traits in contrasting weather conditions was studied on the varieties Slava, L-10/19, L-171/19, Orleya, Alisa, Lider 1 and Lider 10. The use of rhizotorphin and humifulin activates physiological processes, promoting growth of leaf area and photosynthetic potential, an increase in the content of pigments in leaves, the number and weight of nodules, nitrogenase activity and catalase activity, which in turn leads to an increase in the yield of dry above-ground mass and grain productivity. On average, over 3 years, the maximum grain productivity was observed in all varieties in the variant with humifulin and amounted to 11.6 g/plant (Leader 1) - 19.4 g/plant (L-10). The varieties Lider 10 and L-10 stood out in terms of the crude protein content in grain (45.8%); Slava and L-171 in terms of the crude fat concentration (21.6-21.7%). Correlation links at the average level between grain productivity and the studied quantitative characteristics were established. In the dry 2023, there was an average correlation between productivity and the sum of chlorophylls and a high correlation between the sum of chlorophylls and the content of crude protein, which indicates the adaptive capabilities of the pigment complex in conditions of insufficient moisture. The obtained data allow us to assert that in order to ensure the production process, it is necessary to study the epigenetics of development against the background of a change in limiting environmental factors, to study the relationship between gene systems and the environment, or the ecological-genetic systems of regulation of quantitative traits.