Commercialization of innovations: a study of coordination models of universities in Russia and abroad

In this study, a content analysis of the scientific literature related to the formation of the concept of models for managing the commercialization of innovative projects of higher education institutions was conducted. Particular attention is paid to the features of the formation of models of research universities both in Russia and abroad. The analysis considered 16 models selected on the basis of a thorough analysis of research articles, according to pre-set search criteria. Among the studied models, the following stand out: Model of the Center for Coordination of Innovation Results, Model of the Coordination Center for University Innovations, Model of the Cross-Industrial Ecosystem, Multi-firm Network Model of Commercialization of Intellectual Products of Universities, and others. For a deeper understanding of the differences and features of the existing models for the formation of the innovative environment of national research universities, a cluster analysis was conducted, which made it possible to identify 5 homogeneous groups. These groups include models for coordinating the innovative ecosystem of commercialization, complex-infrastructure models of coordinating commercialization, models for coordinating the innovative process of commercialization, and others. The paper highlights the existence of significant gaps in some models related to the absence of the necessary components for their effective performance. In particular, it notes the lack of a prognostic and iterative factor, which are key to building a strategic plan to increase the commercial intensity of university developments. It also emphasizes the importance of elements of state inclusion in the commercialization process, which can contribute to a more successful integration of innovative projects into the country’s economy. Thus, the results of the study emphasize the need for further research in this area to optimize management models and improve their efficiency.