Computer simulation of pedestrian dynamics in the design and operation of stadiums

The object of research is the safety and comfort of spectators while moving in stadiums and the adjacent territory. This work aims to show how using computer simulation helps analyze the influence of different conditions and check the stadium’s environment from people's comfort and safety points of view. Method. Computer simulation of pedestrian dynamics and analysis of results are applied. Results. Several arenas were considered. The influence of client groups, the layout of the stadium, and the adjacent territory, including landscape features, temporary infrastructure, were studied. Areas of high density (or congestions) were found where a potential threat to people in the case of maximum loading of the stadiums is concentrated. Ways to avoid threats were suggested and checked using computer simulation of people's movement.