Complex use of microbiological and mineral fertilizers in spring grain crops agrocenosis

The aim of the study is to establish the effectiveness of the influence of microbiological preparations Azotovit and Phosphatovit used for pre-sowing seed treatment on the consumption of nutrients by spring wheat and spring barley plants from the soil and mineral fertilizers in the conditions of dark gray forest heavy loamy soils of the Ryazan Region. Field trials to study the effect of mineral fertilizers on spring wheat and spring barley crops in 2022-2023 were carried out at the Experimental Agrotechnological Station of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Ryazan State Agricultural University. The object of the study was spring wheat variety Granni, spring barley variety Vladimir. Two field experiments with spring wheat and barley were laid out using a two-factor system: with seed treatment with microbiological fertilizers Azotovit + Phosphatovit (2 + 2 l/t) and control (without pre-sowing seed treatment) (factor A). In the experiment, mineral fertilizers (factor B) were used according to the following scheme: control (without fertilizers); N35 - ammonium nitrate = 1.0 c/ha; N35 - ammonium nitrate = 1.4 c/ha; N35 - ammonium nitrate = 1.9 c/ha; N35P35K35 - azophoska (16:16:16) = 2.1 c/ha. Under the influence of the preparations Azotovit and Phosphatovit against the background of complete fertilization at a dose of 2.1 c/ha, by the end of the crop vegetation period, a minimal decrease in the humus content in the soil to 0.17 % was observed compared to 0.3 % in the variant without fertilizer application. Microbiological preparations Azotovit and Phosphatovit contributed to an increase in the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium in critical periods of crop development, which had a positive effect on the further development of grain crops. The maximum productivity of grain crop plants was formed in the variants using Azotovit + Phosphatovit (2 + 2 l/t) - 53.3 c/ha (NPK - 2.1 c/ha), 47.7 c/ha (N - 1.9 c/ha), which is 57.2 and 40.7 % higher than the yield of the variant without fertilizer application, respectively.